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Location of Palani
Worship of Vel (Spear)
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Thirumurugarruppadai

Muruga with Arunagirinathar

Tirumurukarruppatai remains as one of the most important works of Cankam works. It is counted among the Pattuppattu and was composed by Nakkirar. As it belongs to the later Cankam period, it must have been written between the 3rd and 4th Century A.D (1). During the early Cankam period bards and poets would go from court to court, sing to the king, praise him and receive some recompense. There are references in Purananuru, one of the anthologies belonging to the Cankam period, in which one bard tells another whom he meets on the road that one should visit a king to become rich. Such a poem ‘recommendation on the road’ is termed arruppatai. Seeming in the same category Tirumurukarruppatai or ‘Guide to Lord Muruku’ suggests that those who need spiritual guidance should go to the god Murukan. This was possibly the first main anthology-poem which points out the Murukan worship of the time and the anthology-poem is in praise if Murukan shows the antiquity of the actual worship.

In order to see how distinctive Tirumurukarruppatai is, it is important to deal with the concepts such as the main themes of the poem, different stages in the evolution of Murukan worship, the superiority of the cult of Murukan, his six armories will be analyzed in this article. In addition to this, the religious and social customs during the time of Tirumurukarruppatai, the mythologies it deals with, the similes and the landscape descriptions and finally how this work bridges both Brahminical and Dravidian cultures are also will be dealt in the following lines.


Tirumurukarruppatai has been written in the metre called ciriyappa (2) and is 317 lines long. The subject matter starts with an account of the splendor of Murukan. It follows with a graphic description of the celestial damsels dancing and singing around the Lord.

Tirupparangkunram

The World1delightsas he rises on its right2
and goes wandering

So many peoplepraise the Sun3as if seen
in the sea

Ceaselesslytheir eyelids flutterfrom his immaculate lightshiningfrom so far off.

Those who approachhave his sustaining strength
as they striveto reach his feet.4

His hand,broad as a cloud,wipes outall enemies.5

Husband of herof radiant brow and stainless chastity.

A cloud,pregnant and immaculate,has scooped up
the sea.6

The Shining Ones7pierce the sky that is sprinkling
innumerable droplets.

The first rain of the season pours down upon the forest, fragrant and cool.

And the stout-trunked Sengadambu tree8 flourishes
in the gathering dark.

While the Stout-chested Ones cool garland sways
with blossoms shaped like [chariot] wheels.

The frightful bamboo towers, grown high as
mountains unassailable.

Tinkling anklets grasp their bright and rosy feet,
so delicate.

Their sumptuous legs, curving hips, and shoulders
like bamboo.

Their un-dyed satins, a red-backed beetles
similitude.

They have many coins aligned in rows about their waists.

The beauty which they have received is a loveliness
not fashioned by any hand.

Dazzling ornaments crafted of the gold named [for
its refinement].9

Devoid of stain, their bodies' brilliance extends beyond distant places.

Their attendants have trussed up their hair, still moist,

Placing tiny petals of the red-stemmed Vedchi
between.

And have plucked the pure petals of the green-stemmed Kuvalai10,

[They then] wind them to the right, with their head ornaments11 [intertwined].

The Kum-kum set on their beautiful brows exudes sweetness,

Accentuated below by [hairpins shaped-like]
wide-mouthed sharks.

Their coiled hair now immaculate and complete.

They've placed the Sanpakam blossom, cool and rare, in their hair like black sheets of metal
[two dark leaves]

Surrounding an Ulai flower. Set there, a bright bunch of blossoms from the Marutu tree.

And they have bound
branches of beautiful red-buds,
wet with dew,

Into a garland,
arranged to encircle
their two [twisted locks].

Their sumptuous ears
filled with bright
sprouting leaves
of Ashoka.

Their breasts,
adorned to extreme,
with delicate jewels
firm and fair,

Odoriferous sandal
ground to a paste,
fragrant and bright
as a blossom.

Their Marutu flowers
oozing honey,
like the tight-petaled buds
of Kongki.

Young breasts,
smeared in abundance,
with full blown

Blossoms of Vaengai,
and fine pollen
spread round,
so lovely.

They pluck
small sprouts
of the Vila tree
and sprinkle them
[on each other].

They hoist high
the flag
of the valorous cock
who conquers [its enemies]
and destroys [its foes].

They greet
all the others
saying,
'Long life to you!'

And there abides
an unmatched
mountain
resounding,12
with the echo
of their songs.

The frightful demoness
plays in the garden,

A mountain range,
with trees so dense,
the she-monkey13
can't find her way.14

The bees [hover] in silence15
about
the luminescent
Kantal in bloom16

On the large cool garland
adorning his head.

He enters
the ancient earth,
the icy sea
and they tremble.

He severed the root
of the demon Sur
with his leaf-shaped spear,
long and flaming.

[That demoness]
Her dry locks of hair,
and mouth like a chest,
with pandemonious fangs

She rolls her
green eyes,
and is
terrifying to see.

As an eye-popping owl
and venomous snake
hang in her ears.

Swaying along
with her gargantuan breasts
and her jagged gut.

Her strut
is so very frightening;
dreadful is her coming.
This she-vampire

Blood stains
the sharp nails
of her twisted fingers

That dig out the eyes
to eat
from a rancid black head,
overwhelmingly foul.

She holds it
in her broad hand
wearing bangles so bright.

And she frightfully sings
mighty battlefield songs
of conquest
and destruction.


And she, with that mouth,
wiggles her shoulders
and munches on corpses,
performing her Tunngai dance17.

Two large beings
in one massive body,18

Terrified six different units
when [the demon Sur] approached.

But he spoiled
these demons' great conquest.

He hacked at the root
of their mango tree
where blossoms are hung
in profusion.
His victory was flawless.

And his fine glory
is boundless,
the Son
with the spear
that is red.

By approaching
his ruddy feet
with magnanimous mind

One rightly animates
the wise sayings of old
Leave your homeland.
Stay somewhere else.

If you have the desire
to go on pilgrimage,
so many virtues,
And your own heart's
dearest desire
will be achieved.


You'll get it instantly!
The noblest virtues are yours!

Hungering for war,
he hoists his tall flag
way up high.

And hangs from it
dolls
and a ball of coiled twine.19

He destroys the war-makers.
For few battles are waged
at the gates
[of fair Madurai].

In its mischiefless markets
Lakshmiís enthroned in majesty,

Along its wide boulevards
there are balconies a plenty,20
near Madurai's western gate.

In broad fields
of black mud
it opens and unfolds

The prickly-stemmed lotus
that sleeps until dawn.

Buzzing about
honey-scented
Neytal blossoms.

Where the mountain spring flowers
rouse one's desire
as they blossom like eyes
in the morning.21

That glorious swarm
of comely-winged bees
drone on.

It's at Kunram's hill,
There's where
he abides;
and not only there


Tiruchendur:

[His elephant],
Its forehead
scarred deep
by the attack
of his sharp-tipped [goad].

With a garland
that never wilts
and headpiece
swaying.

Bells hang
from its side,
intermittently chiming,
as it quickly saunters on.

Its might,
rarely overcome,
like the Lord of Death.

And he climbs
upon that elephant
like the voracious wind.

Of five different parts22
crafted by the smith,
refined and complete:

The brilliance
of this crown
offsets
the great beauty
of its gems.

Adorning his head,
as it flickers
like lightening.

Effulgence
hangs there,
swaying
as earrings
wrought of gold.

With that
kind of distant radiance
like the moon
shining bright

Or with the luster
of the relentless stars
shimmering [in the night].

For the accomplished ones
who perform
their vows
free of suffering,

His brightly colored faces
appear directly
in their minds.

As a brilliance
without blemish
upon this world
of utter darkness

Generating
many rays of light
is One Face.
And One Face

Poised
as sweet demeanor
and praised
by those with longing

Is pleased
by their love
and confers to them,
their boons.
One face

regards
the mantric code
of the unfailing tradition

With its priestly
sacrifices
which it remembers.
One Face

Comes
to draw out
meanings
that were overlooked,
illuminating
the [four] directions
just like the moon.
One face

Destroys the enemy,
sours all equanimity,23

Longs to enter the field
with a wrathful heart.
One Face

With an innocent
hill-tribe girl
whose got curves
like a vine

With that damsel
With Valli
is laughing
and smiling.

Just like that,
those faces,
3 X 2,
tend to be.

He's got a garland
that hangs low
on his chest
strong and lovely

With reddish lines defined
and bending,
his might,
emits a sparkling.

His fame,
found in plenty.
His shoulders,
they are curving.

Held high
[in blessing]
for those who move
across the sky

Is One Hand.
And One Hand
is set upon his hip.

And One Hand
is resting on his thigh,
adorned so fine.

One Hand
operates the goad.
And Two Hands

Hold his fine black shield
and spins his spear
to the right.
One Hand

Is placed above
his chest
just so.
And One Hand

Is beautiful
as it touches his garland.
One Hand,

It's bracelets fall below,
while raised up high
its whirling round.
One Hand

Rings a bell
that's singing sweetly.
One Hand

Makes the sky of blue
shower drops of plenty.
And One Hand

Adorns
the divine bride
of the heavens
with her wedding garland.

Just like that...
those twelve hands
tend to act.

On high
many instruments
resounding.
Strong and seasoned
horns are playing
with its pitch that's swelling.
And white conch
shells are sounding

As his mighty war-drum
thunders
inspiring fear.

His densely
feathered peacock
and flag of conquest
sing out,

And he figures
that the sky
will be
the quickest route
to take.
World renowned
and towering high
is its sublime glory.


Thus,
his going to Alaivay
with its changeless
quality.
And not only there

Tiru Avinankudi:

They
whose dress
is of stitched bark
And grand are

They
whose pure white hair...
spirals to the right,
like conch shells.

They
who are devoid of blemish
and have a form that shimmers,
with a deer's

hide that covers
a breast
that's cast aside
it's food.

They
whose bodies
are like skeletons
that have leapt up
to wander.
At auspicious times...

They
won't eat
for many days.
Rancor

and wrath
purged from
their minds.
The erudite,


learned in all lore,
can't conceive of what
these Knowers know.
These learned ones,

[reaching]
the limits [of knowledge],
have become the guides.
Passion

and arrant anger,
these Seers
set to sever.
Sorrow

in any measure
is unknown to
their character.
Having apt

disdain
as insight,
These sages,
are the first to enter.

[The Gandharvas],
They with clothing...
pure and immaculate,
seems like smoke
gathered about them.

Their bodies,
they are mantled,
with buds poised
to bloom wide-open.

Its strings are set
to suit the ear.

Noble lutes,
that recite
the mercy
of the heart.

As they approach
with tender words,
and strum
its sweetened strings.

They with bodies
composed without affliction.
A mango trees'

sparkling shoot
resembles their corporeal form.
The abiding shimmer

of the gold-streaked touchstone24
resembles their beauty marks.
With sweet gems

aplenty
held up by
thighs
that slope and rise.

Without fault
or without blemish
these Gandharavas,
they do shine.

With poison
hidden in the holes
of its whitened fangs,

its breath like fire,
it terrifies,
such is its mighty strength.

The snake
is killed by the ruthless beating
of his richly stripped
and bending wings...

The bird
borne by
the long banner,
of the Wealthy One.25
With a white bull

[upon his banner]
where his victory [was won],
many praise
his hearty shoulder,

[where] Uma,
joined with him,
appears.
While his three eyes,
unblinking,

who destroyed the triple fort:
This great and indignant
other Wealthy Lord.26

A thousand times ten multiplied,
[the number] of his eyes.
A hundred, the many

Yagnas,
he completed victoriously,27
[causing] the devastating conquest
[of all his enemies].

Two and two multiplied:
its tusks that are held high,
beautifully it roams [wide],

with its large broad hand
hanging low...
his elephant so tall.

He climbs upon its neck,
and Tiru28 is jubilant,
[the great lord Indra],
the other Wealthy One.29

Four great gods30
[watch over]
the fine hamlets,
of this well formed

world.
Unified in the doctrine
of acting as its guard.

Many people
praised the three,31
so they'd become
the leaders [once again].32

Appearing in the world, to [resume]
its defense.

Born of the lotus in an era without pain,

the Four-faced One is thus presented,33
to have a glimpse34
[of him].

Appearing in the daylight35
with no difference in vision,36

of four different natures,37
the thirty-three [gods],

and the 9 X 238
[are there]
for those who acquire
the higher state.

They appear
as though
the stars
were in bloom.
Or as a gathering of fishes,

like wind,
moves across
the stormy [seas].
As a gust of wind

upon a flame which is stoked up,
is just like these
Mighty Ones.
Or as a fire-kindling...

bolt of lightening,
thunders like their voice.
Sublime

are these Keepers of Justice,39
who heed [our] lamenting
and stand
at his side.

They who hover
[up] in the sky
gather together
to see...



the woman,40
free of suffering,
whose doctrine
[is chastity.]41
Some days,

with her at Avinankudi
moving about
he tends to be.

And not only there...

Tiru Erakam

They are unfailing
in character,
having adopted the 2 X 342.

Their two parents
are deigned
to hail from
the many
various ancient clans.43

6 X 4 when doubled44
are the treasured years
of their youth,

passing time
upon the path,45
with the doctrine
that speaks of truth.46

Where three types
are outlined,
the bounty
of fires three,47

of which the Twice Born
know the [proper] time
[and know] just what to say.

With nine threads strung
as three minute strands,

Their cloth,
still wet,
dries
as they dress,

and they salute
with their [folded] hands
raised to the peak...48
They praise him

with the six letters49
containing
the rare scriptures' word.50

Their broad tongues
utter [the name],
from all sides
[of their mouth.]

And they hold in their hands
fragrant blossoms
[imbued] with its own
perfume.
They are so very joyous...

as he has his abode
at Erakam.

And not only there...

Kunru Thoru Aadal

Fresh vines,
with fragrant greens
placed between,
[adorn] the Wielder of the Spear...

There's
a lovely bunch
of Puttil seeds
mixed in...
With Wild Jasmine and

White Kuthalam blossoms
strung as a wreath
[and set atop his head];

They have
scented sandal
smeared bright
upon their
distinguished chests:

Rough working
hill tribe men,
who hunt with skillful bow.

With their
sweet honey-brew,
fermented
in long bamboo,

He is happy
with his rustic
mountain kin.

With their little drum,
the Tondakam,51
they rejoice
and dance in circles
holding hands.52

Fingered to unfold
[so they exude]
a matchless
fragrant air

Are the blossoms
where the bee is resting,
from the deep mountain spring,
in the wreath [that adorns his head].

They have woven garlands,
and have trussed up their hair

Tied it with cannabis leaves
and its aromatic flowers,

They've placed
in between
white bunches of blossoms
of the red-trunked Katambu tree.

And the beetle nibbles at
their large leaf skirts,
strung beautiful and cool

Dressing
their swaying hips
in a girdle that refines

Like peacocks,
these maids of
innocent design.

The Red One;
He with Red Robes;
The One
with the red-trunked

Ashoka's
cool budding leaves
hanging from his ears;

The One
with the warrior's girdle;
The One
with war-anklets on;
and the One
with a wreath of Vetchi blossoms;

He with the flute;
He with the horn;
He with many small instruments [to play on];

The One who [rides] the ram;
The one [astride] the peacock;
The One with the rooster,
lovely and perfect,

upon his flag;
The tall One;
The One wearing an
armlet upon his shoulder...

With a gathering
of sweet voiced [maids]
[sounding] as if
lutes were played.

A vision,
fragrant and cool,
is his bespeckled

garment,
tied about the waist,
so as to touch the ground.

His arms,
broad as mridangam drums,
are typically raised high...

to embrace
the many
soft-shouldered fawns,
and to lead [them]

in the dance,
as he always does,
atop each and every hill.
And not only there...

Pazhamuthircolai

Small grains of millet
and flowers are mixed together...
[then the throat]
of the young goat
is cut.

It is there
that they hoist
the flag of the cock!53

In town after town
his festival
is grandly celebrated,

By those
wanting to worship
in all the right places.

The frenzied dance
is performed
in the field
where the Velan is installed.

Or in the forest garden
so lovely,
on the isle
[where two rivers meet].54

At rivers or at tanks,
and various other places...

Where four roads
come together,55
at any such kind of junction,
or [under] the newly-blossoming flowers
of the Kadampa tree56

where the village assemblies
[gather to meet].
In halls or in stables,
or any [such kind] of places.

There the revered
banner of his command57
is fittingly adorned,

smeared with oil
and white mustard,58
then they whisper
a secret,59

and bending down
in worship,60
they scatter
voluptuous blossoms.

Having dressed in two
contrasting colors,

and tying on
a red thread,61
they scatter
white puffed-rice...

Constant
in its brash might,
the wide-hoofed62
goat is fat...

It's blood
is mixed
with pure white rice

and some other
rites performed.

[These offerings]
are placed
in bamboo baskets63

and sprinkled
with fresh tumeric
and fragrant mixtures.64

The large soothing65
Kanviram flowers
[strung as]
a garland:
fragrant, cool,

and beyond compare;
is cut [into smaller strands]
and then hung up,
suspended [in the air].

They worship
in fine hamlets,
on the dense mountain peaks,66

with fragrant smoke
wafting up,
the hill-tribe songs are sung.

With the sound
of the waterfall's own music,
sweet instruments
are played,

with many dark red
blossoms scattered,
[its song]
makes one dismayed.67

And a kind of rice68
that's red as blood
is spread out,
and a Kurava maid

sounds Muruga's
instrument,
making those who
deny him
afraid,

[but also],
to guide them
to Muruga
at his broad city
filled with fear.

Songs [are heard]
to echo
through
[his] fields of [frenzied] dance.
And many

horns [of music]
[are raised up]
and held up to their lips.
And curving bells
are played

to greet [him]
Pinimukam,69
of unconquerable might.

To worship
is to get what one asks for,
according to one's request...

[because]
there and there
[he's] residing,
as everybody knows.

It whatever place
you happen to be,
there you'll be able to see [him].

Whenever you long
to look upon his face
and do worship,
he'll appear there instantly.

With folded hands,
and praised by words,
[he's] worshipped
by touching [his] feet.

[Then say]:
"Tall and great the zenith,70
blue-green the mountain spring,71

One of the five
who abides within,
in the palm of his hand
received...72

Six [maidens]
gave birth
to six [babes],
who united
to form the child!

The son of the god
at the Banyan tree
who [is seen there]
to reside!73
O Wondrous peak,

the son of
the Mountain's Daughter!74
He is Yama,
[the Lord of Death],
to his enemies!

He's the little one
of the warring Korravai,
victorious in battle!

Child of the Ancient Goddess,
adorned by
a jewel of distinction!

The Devas'
legion commander,
with a curving bow!

[Wearer of]
a garland
[hung] upon [his] breast!
A scholar,
[well]-learned
in books!

One who stands out
in battle!
A strong warrior
who's waging war!

Treasure of
the sages!
The Knower's
mountain of words!75

Husband of the maidens!
Lion76 [amongst] warriors!

Wealthy One,77
great and grand,
having a spear
in his broad hand!

Slayer of the mountain,78
a never-fading victory.

Lord of the Hills,
where tall mountains
dash against the sky!

Many people
praise him
with fine words,
this Lion of the Learned!79

Of well-begotten lineage,
this great name "Muruga"!

He gives to those
with longing,80
this Great Man
of renown!

He gives to those
who suffer,
this Son
with ornaments of gold!

With many
battles won,
his breast
rejoicing in conquest,

Support of [all] those
who [have won] the prize.
Tall
and full of beauty
this one is
loved by all!81

Noblemen
praise him,
this Hero
of great name!

The mighty Matavali82
hacks at
the brood
of the [demon] Sur!

Oft compared to battle!
This Leader!"
[Such his] many [praises]...

[But] to the extent
of my knowledge,
these praises
aren't enough.

"[How] rare it is
to know your meaSure,
in this abiding life.

I came
to contemplate
your feet.
For with you

there is no equal,
O' Learned One!"
I say this

to give some indication,
and as I speak...
then instantly...
Upon pointing out

[your] numerous varied forms,
many dwarfish little devils,83

at a grand festival
are celebrating...
having appeared
in the field!

[They say]:
"We who are so lowly,
We requested your
wizened truths...

And you came,
you Noble One!
We cherish
your abundant glory!"

[All] that which is sweet,
[All] that which is good,
so many, many ways
he is praised...

And divinity
does shine forth,
in the form
of [his] boundless strength.

[A form]
that's come
to reach a height,
so as to touch the sky.84

[Thus],
[his] divine character's
profusion,
contains the higher states.
As an ancient

waft of fragrance,
his divine and youthful
goodness
is revealed:85

[He'll] say,
"Be rid of your fear.
I know why you have come."

There is no end
to [his] fine words,
imbued with love.

With a dark ocean,
encircling this Earth

[he'll] make you alone
appear
[to attain] the superb

reception,
[as he] confers
[his] precious gift!
And not only that...86

[Like] many varied
fabrics87 fluttering,
[it] carries off
the Akil trees.88

The sandalwoods
from root to tip,
[then] come rolling down;
Bamboo...

its flowers,
with its glittering branches,
are [swept away]
alone.
[Its] roots [had been] cracked.

[As if]
the sky-jousting,
tall mountain's sun,
out gathering honey...

had broken open
the full blown
honeycomb,
exuding coolness...
[Its honey with]
much fine and

ripened pulp
of the jackfruit
mixed together
[in the raging torrent].
Way up on the peak...

The aromatic blossoms
of the Surapunnai tree
are scattered.
The black monkey

shivers
along with
the big-faced ape;
and [with their] speckled brows

the dark she-elephants
quiver in [its] spray.
While the large bull elephants,

with pearl
in their white tusks,
are Surrounded
by its gushing...

With fine golden
jewel-like colors
shining,
sifting gold.

With plantain trees
pulled up whole,
and the coconut trees'

best bunch of nuts,
scattered,

[from the force]
[of its] attack.


Bunches of black blossoms
from the curry creeper
fall down,
and the spotted tails...

of many
innocent peacocks
are thus frightened away

and the
rugged hen
also flees
along with
the wild boars...

[who]